/*
 * CORS classroom server.
 *
 * Starts TWO listeners from one process:
 *
 *   http://localhost:3000   -> "the app". Serves the test page (public/).
 *                              Also exposes /same-origin/api so you can show
 *                              that a same-origin request needs no CORS at all,
 *                              and /log/stream (SSE) which mirrors the server log
 *                              into the page. Both are same-origin for the page,
 *                              so neither is affected by CORS.
 *
 *   http://localhost:3001   -> "the API". Cross-ORIGIN from the page.
 *   http://127.0.0.1:3001      Same listener, but a different SITE, which matters
 *                              for cookies (SameSite) and not for CORS.
 *
 * Every CORS response header is driven by query parameters, so the page can
 * reconfigure the server per request instead of you restarting anything:
 *
 *   acao=*            Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
 *   acao=echo         reflect the request's Origin header back
 *   acao=<literal>    any literal value (try a list or a trailing slash)
 *   (omit acao)       send no Access-Control-Allow-Origin at all
 *
 *   acac=true         Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true
 *   acam=PUT,DELETE   Access-Control-Allow-Methods
 *   acah=echo         reflect Access-Control-Request-Headers
 *   acah=<literal>    Access-Control-Allow-Headers
 *   aceh=X-Total-Count  Access-Control-Expose-Headers
 *   acma=60           Access-Control-Max-Age (preflight cache, seconds)
 *   vary=1            add Vary: Origin
 *
 *   pfstatus=401      status code for the OPTIONS preflight response
 *   pfcors=0          answer the preflight WITHOUT any CORS headers
 *   pfacao=0          omit Allow-Origin on the preflight ONLY
 *   pfacac=0          omit Allow-Credentials on the preflight ONLY
 *   pfredirect=1      make the preflight respond with a 302
 *
 *   status=500        status code for the actual response
 *   errnocors=1       drop CORS headers when status >= 400
 *                     (the classic "error handler runs before CORS" bug)
 *   delay=300         artificial latency in ms
 *
 * Nothing here is production code: it is deliberately explicit so it can be
 * read out loud in class.
 */

'use strict';

const http = require('http');
const fs = require('fs');
const path = require('path');
const { URL } = require('url');

const PAGE_PORT = Number(process.env.PAGE_PORT || 3000);
const API_PORT = Number(process.env.API_PORT || 3001);

/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ *
 * Shared request log. The page reads it over SSE from the page origin,
 * so watching the log never interferes with the CORS demo itself.
 * ------------------------------------------------------------------ */

const logClients = new Set();
let seq = 0;

function logEvent(entry) {
  const record = { seq: ++seq, at: Date.now(), ...entry };
  const frame = `data: ${JSON.stringify(record)}\n\n`;
  for (const res of logClients) res.write(frame);
  const tag = record.phase === 'preflight' ? 'PREFLIGHT' : 'request  ';
  console.log(
    `[${tag}] ${record.method} ${record.url}  origin=${record.origin || '(none)'}  -> ${record.status}`
  );
  return record;
}

/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ *
 * CORS header construction, from query params.
 * ------------------------------------------------------------------ */

function applyCorsHeaders(req, params, headers) {
  const origin = req.headers.origin;
  const sent = [];

  const acao = params.get('acao');
  if (acao !== null) {
    const value = acao === 'echo' ? origin || 'null' : acao;
    headers['Access-Control-Allow-Origin'] = value;
    sent.push(`Access-Control-Allow-Origin: ${value}`);
  }

  const acac = params.get('acac');
  if (acac !== null) {
    headers['Access-Control-Allow-Credentials'] = acac;
    sent.push(`Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: ${acac}`);
  }

  const aceh = params.get('aceh');
  if (aceh !== null) {
    headers['Access-Control-Expose-Headers'] = aceh;
    sent.push(`Access-Control-Expose-Headers: ${aceh}`);
  }

  if (params.get('vary') === '1') {
    headers['Vary'] = 'Origin';
    sent.push('Vary: Origin');
  }

  return sent;
}

function applyPreflightHeaders(req, params, headers) {
  const sent = [];

  const acam = params.get('acam');
  if (acam !== null) {
    const value = acam === 'echo' ? req.headers['access-control-request-method'] || '' : acam;
    headers['Access-Control-Allow-Methods'] = value;
    sent.push(`Access-Control-Allow-Methods: ${value}`);
  }

  const acah = params.get('acah');
  if (acah !== null) {
    const value = acah === 'echo' ? req.headers['access-control-request-headers'] || '' : acah;
    headers['Access-Control-Allow-Headers'] = value;
    sent.push(`Access-Control-Allow-Headers: ${value}`);
  }

  const acma = params.get('acma');
  if (acma !== null) {
    headers['Access-Control-Max-Age'] = acma;
    sent.push(`Access-Control-Max-Age: ${acma}`);
  }

  return sent;
}

function parseCookies(req) {
  const raw = req.headers.cookie;
  if (!raw) return {};
  return raw.split(';').reduce((acc, pair) => {
    const i = pair.indexOf('=');
    if (i > 0) acc[pair.slice(0, i).trim()] = pair.slice(i + 1).trim();
    return acc;
  }, {});
}

function readBody(req) {
  return new Promise((resolve) => {
    const chunks = [];
    req.on('data', (c) => chunks.push(c));
    req.on('end', () => resolve(Buffer.concat(chunks).toString('utf8')));
  });
}

const sleep = (ms) => new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, ms));

/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ *
 * The API origin (:3001) — cross-origin from the page.
 * ------------------------------------------------------------------ */

const api = http.createServer(async (req, res) => {
  const url = new URL(req.url, `http://${req.headers.host}`);
  const params = url.searchParams;
  const cookies = parseCookies(req);

  const delay = Number(params.get('delay') || 0);
  if (delay > 0) await sleep(Math.min(delay, 5000));

  /* --- cookie helpers: open these directly in a tab (first-party) --- */

  if (url.pathname === '/api/cookie/set') {
    // Both listeners live on the "localhost" site, so a Lax cookie set here is
    // still sent from the page on :3000 (different ORIGIN, same SITE).
    // 127.0.0.1 is a different site, which is what makes the SameSite demo work.
    const headers = {
      'Content-Type': 'text/html; charset=utf-8',
      'Set-Cookie': [
        'cors_demo_lax=lax-value; Path=/; SameSite=Lax',
        'cors_demo_strict=strict-value; Path=/; SameSite=Strict',
      ],
    };
    applyCorsHeaders(req, params, headers);
    res.writeHead(200, headers);
    res.end(
      `<!doctype html><meta charset="utf-8"><title>Cookies set</title>
       <body style="font:16px/1.6 system-ui;padding:2rem;max-width:40rem">
       <h1>Cookies set on <code>${url.host}</code></h1>
       <p>Set: <code>cors_demo_lax</code> (SameSite=Lax) and
          <code>cors_demo_strict</code> (SameSite=Strict).</p>
       <p>Go back to the test page and run the credentials scenarios.</p>
       <p><a href="/api/cookie/clear">Clear them</a></p>`
    );
    logEvent({ phase: 'actual', method: req.method, url: url.pathname, origin: req.headers.origin, status: 200, corsSent: [], cookies: Object.keys(cookies) });
    return;
  }

  if (url.pathname === '/api/cookie/clear') {
    res.writeHead(200, {
      'Content-Type': 'text/html; charset=utf-8',
      'Set-Cookie': [
        'cors_demo_lax=; Path=/; Max-Age=0',
        'cors_demo_strict=; Path=/; Max-Age=0',
      ],
    });
    res.end('<!doctype html><meta charset="utf-8"><body style="font:16px system-ui;padding:2rem">Cookies cleared. <a href="/api/cookie/set">Set again</a>');
    return;
  }

  /* --- a real image, to show that <img> is not subject to CORS --- */

  if (url.pathname === '/api/image') {
    const headers = { 'Content-Type': 'image/svg+xml' };
    applyCorsHeaders(req, params, headers);
    res.writeHead(200, headers);
    res.end(
      `<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="220" height="60">
        <rect width="220" height="60" rx="8" fill="#2563eb"/>
        <text x="110" y="36" font-family="system-ui" font-size="15" fill="#fff" text-anchor="middle">loaded from :3001</text>
      </svg>`
    );
    logEvent({ phase: 'actual', method: 'GET', url: url.pathname, origin: req.headers.origin || '(no Origin: img tag)', status: 200, corsSent: [], cookies: Object.keys(cookies) });
    return;
  }

  /* --- a classic script tag target (JSONP-style), also CORS-free --- */

  if (url.pathname === '/api/script') {
    res.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'application/javascript' });
    res.end(`window.__scriptTagRan = ${Date.now()};`);
    logEvent({ phase: 'actual', method: 'GET', url: url.pathname, origin: req.headers.origin || '(no Origin: script tag)', status: 200, corsSent: [], cookies: Object.keys(cookies) });
    return;
  }

  /* --- the preflight --- */

  if (req.method === 'OPTIONS') {
    const headers = {};
    const sent = [];

    if (params.get('pfredirect') === '1') {
      headers['Location'] = url.pathname + '?acao=*&acam=echo&acah=echo';
      res.writeHead(302, headers);
      res.end();
      logEvent({ phase: 'preflight', method: 'OPTIONS', url: url.pathname + url.search, origin: req.headers.origin, status: 302, corsSent: ['(302 redirect — never allowed on a preflight)'], cookies: Object.keys(cookies) });
      return;
    }

    if (params.get('pfcors') !== '0') {
      // A preflight is a response of its own: it needs Allow-Origin, and in
      // credentialed mode Allow-Credentials, whether or not the actual
      // response carries them. pfacao/pfacac let you drop one to show that.
      const preflightParams = new URLSearchParams(params);
      if (params.get('pfacao') === '0') preflightParams.delete('acao');
      if (params.get('pfacac') === '0') preflightParams.delete('acac');
      sent.push(...applyCorsHeaders(req, preflightParams, headers));
      sent.push(...applyPreflightHeaders(req, preflightParams, headers));
    }

    const status = Number(params.get('pfstatus') || 204);
    headers['Content-Length'] = '0';
    res.writeHead(status, headers);
    res.end();

    logEvent({
      phase: 'preflight',
      method: 'OPTIONS',
      url: url.pathname + url.search,
      origin: req.headers.origin,
      status,
      requested: {
        method: req.headers['access-control-request-method'] || null,
        headers: req.headers['access-control-request-headers'] || null,
      },
      corsSent: sent,
      cookies: Object.keys(cookies),
    });
    return;
  }

  /* --- the actual request --- */

  const body = await readBody(req);
  const status = Number(params.get('status') || 200);
  const headers = { 'Content-Type': 'application/json; charset=utf-8' };
  let sent = [];

  const suppress = params.get('errnocors') === '1' && status >= 400;
  if (!suppress) sent = applyCorsHeaders(req, params, headers);

  // Custom response headers that exist purely so the exposure demos have
  // something to try to read.
  headers['Cache-Control'] = 'no-store';   // safelisted: JS can read this one without Expose-Headers
  headers['X-Total-Count'] = '42';
  headers['X-Request-Id'] = 'req_' + Math.random().toString(36).slice(2, 10);
  headers['X-Powered-By'] = 'cors-class';

  const payload = {
    ok: status < 400,
    note: suppress ? 'CORS headers were intentionally omitted on this error response' : undefined,
    seenByServer: {
      origin: req.headers.origin || null,
      method: req.method,
      path: url.pathname,
      contentType: req.headers['content-type'] || null,
      authorization: req.headers.authorization ? '(present)' : null,
      customHeaders: Object.keys(req.headers).filter((h) => h.startsWith('x-')),
      cookies: Object.keys(cookies),
      body: body || null,
    },
  };

  res.writeHead(status, headers);
  res.end(JSON.stringify(payload, null, 2));

  logEvent({
    phase: 'actual',
    method: req.method,
    url: url.pathname + url.search,
    origin: req.headers.origin,
    status,
    corsSent: sent,
    cookies: Object.keys(cookies),
  });
});

/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ *
 * The page origin (:3000) — static files + same-origin API + log SSE.
 * ------------------------------------------------------------------ */

const MIME = {
  '.html': 'text/html; charset=utf-8',
  '.css': 'text/css; charset=utf-8',
  '.js': 'application/javascript; charset=utf-8',
  '.svg': 'image/svg+xml',
  '.ico': 'image/x-icon',
};

const page = http.createServer(async (req, res) => {
  const url = new URL(req.url, `http://${req.headers.host}`);

  // Deliberately NO CORS headers here: it is same-origin for the page,
  // which is exactly the point of the first scenario.
  if (url.pathname === '/same-origin/api') {
    const body = await readBody(req);
    res.writeHead(200, {
      'Content-Type': 'application/json; charset=utf-8',
      'X-Total-Count': '42',
      'X-Request-Id': 'same_origin',
    });
    res.end(
      JSON.stringify(
        {
          ok: true,
          seenByServer: {
            origin: req.headers.origin || null,
            method: req.method,
            cookies: Object.keys(parseCookies(req)),
            body: body || null,
          },
        },
        null,
        2
      )
    );
    return;
  }

  if (url.pathname === '/log/stream') {
    res.writeHead(200, {
      'Content-Type': 'text/event-stream',
      'Cache-Control': 'no-cache',
      Connection: 'keep-alive',
    });
    res.write('retry: 1000\n\n');
    logClients.add(res);
    req.on('close', () => logClients.delete(res));
    return;
  }

  const rel = url.pathname === '/' ? '/index.html' : url.pathname;
  const file = path.join(__dirname, 'public', path.normalize(rel).replace(/^(\.\.[/\\])+/, ''));

  fs.readFile(file, (err, data) => {
    if (err) {
      res.writeHead(404, { 'Content-Type': 'text/plain' });
      res.end('Not found');
      return;
    }
    res.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': MIME[path.extname(file)] || 'application/octet-stream', 'Cache-Control': 'no-store' });
    res.end(data);
  });
});

page.listen(PAGE_PORT, () => {
  api.listen(API_PORT, () => {
    console.log('');
    console.log('  CORS classroom');
    console.log('  ─────────────────────────────────────────────');
    console.log(`  page  (origin A)  http://localhost:${PAGE_PORT}   <- open this`);
    console.log(`  API   (origin B)  http://localhost:${API_PORT}`);
    console.log(`  API   (site C)    http://127.0.0.1:${API_PORT}`);
    console.log('');
    console.log('  Every request the API sees is printed below.');
    console.log('');
  });
});